In different folk medicine Ziziphus spina-christi is used for different purposes such as pneumonia, dysentery,
scorpion stings, cough, constipation, intestinal worms and fever. The aim of this study was evaluation and
comparing the antibacterial activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus spina –christi as well as
subsequent structural changes in affected bacteria. For this purpose, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were prepared
by 80% alcoholic solution. Antibacterial activity of these extracts was assessed using standard disc diffusion method
against pathogenic bacteria. Sterile filter paper discs (6mm) were saturated by four different concentrations of each
extract. The prepared discs were placed on lawn cultures of test bacteria and incubated at 37 0C for 24 h. After
incubation the inhibition zone diameter around each disc was measured in millimeter. The induced changes in shape
of affected bacteria were discovered using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of this study maximum
inhibition zone diameter in case of methanolic extract were 18 and 14 against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
cereu, and in case of ethanolic extract was 15 mm for S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The methanolic extract of this
plant was more effective against S. aureus and B. cereus than the ethanolic extract even at high concentration. While
the ethanolic extract was more active on Proteus mirabilis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum
Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) indexes of both extracts were equal (MIC= MBC=8 mg/ml) for S. aureus. The
SEM analysis revealed cell deformation and irregular shape in both S. aureus and B. cereus. These results suggest
significant antibacterial activity of this plant especially against S. aureus, which its resistant strains are currently a great hazard in infection treatment. So, this plant should be considered as a potential source for finding new
antibacterial agents.

In different folk medicine Ziziphus spina-christi is used for different purposes such as pneumonia, dysentery,
scorpion stings, cough, constipation, intestinal worms and fever. The aim of this study was evaluation and
comparing the antibacterial activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus spina –christi as well as
subsequent structural changes in affected bacteria. For this purpose, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were prepared
by 80% alcoholic solution. Antibacterial activity of these extracts was assessed using standard disc diffusion method
against pathogenic bacteria. Sterile filter paper discs (6mm) were saturated by four different concentrations of each
extract. The prepared discs were placed on lawn cultures of test bacteria and incubated at 37 0C for 24 h. After
incubation the inhibition zone diameter around each disc was measured in millimeter. The induced changes in shape
of affected bacteria were discovered using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of this study maximum
inhibition zone diameter in case of methanolic extract were 18 and 14 against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
cereu, and in case of ethanolic extract was 15 mm for S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The methanolic extract of this
plant was more effective against S. aureus and B. cereus than the ethanolic extract even at high concentration. While
the ethanolic extract was more active on Proteus mirabilis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum
Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) indexes of both extracts were equal (MIC= MBC=8 mg/ml) for S. aureus. The
SEM analysis revealed cell deformation and irregular shape in both S. aureus and B. cereus. These results suggest
significant antibacterial activity of this plant especially against S. aureus, which its resistant strains are currently a great hazard in infection treatment. So, this plant should be considered as a potential source for finding new
antibacterial agents.

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